Editor-in-chief of “Gazeta Wyborcza,” the largest daily newspaper in Poland. Historian, essayist, political columnist. In 1968-1989, one of the leading organizers of the underground democratic opposition. From 1964 he studied at the Department of History at Warsaw University. Twice suspended, and after the March Events of 1968, he was expelled from the university and sentenced to three years in prison. He graduated from the Department of History at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. In the 1970s he was active in numerous opposition organizations and participated in the publication of many underground magazines. In the 1980s, he was arrested twice for activities against the Polish United Workers’ Party and released under an amnesty. Participant in the 1989 Round Table talks, member of the Association of Polish Writers. Honored with numerous awards and honorary doctorates. Author of many books and countless articles printed around the world, including in: Der Spiegel, Le Monde, Liberation, El Pais, Lettre International, New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, El Pais and many others.